What is globalization?

• A. An increased isolation of national economies and cultures.
• B. The process of increasing social and economic dependence and integration as capital, goods, persons, concepts, and values cross state boundaries.
• C. Globalization only affects economics, not social factors.
• D. An event that occurs only when countries join a trade agreement.

Answer: (B)

Globalization is the process of increasing social and economic dependence and integration as capital, goods, persons, concepts, and values cross state boundaries. It happens as technology, transportation, and communication enable faster movement and exchange. Economies become intertwined through trade, investment, and global supply chains; people move across borders for work, study, or migration; and ideas, cultures, and values spread beyond their origins. The result is a more connected world where events in one place can ripple across many others, and where policy, markets, and social life are increasingly linked across countries. It isn’t limited to economics or to formal trade agreements, and it’s not about isolation—it's an ongoing, multi-dimensional process that spans economic, social, political, and cultural dimensions.