Which of the following is NOT typically considered one of the four core ethical principles commonly cited in community health ethics?

• A. Beneficence
• B. Autonomy
• C. Nonmaleficence
• D. Equality

Answer: (D)

In community health ethics, the four guiding principles are beneficence (promoting well-being), autonomy (respecting individuals’ choices), nonmaleficence (avoiding harm), and justice (fair and fair distribution of benefits and burdens). Equality is not typically listed as one of the four; it's more about treating everyone the same, while justice focuses on fairness and addressing disparities within a population. So the option that isn’t usually considered one of the four core principles is equality. The other choices correspond to beneficence, autonomy, and nonmaleficence.